Development of Cohesive-Zone-Based Prediction Model for Reflective Cracking and Overlay Pretreatments Evaluation
- 발행기관 Gangneung-Wonju National University, Department of Civil Engineering
- 발행년도 2019
- 학위수여년월 2020. 2
- 학위명 박사
- 학과 및 전공 일반대학원 토목공학과
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/kangnung/000000010557
- UCI I804:42001-000000010557
- 본문언어 영어
초록/요약 도움말
Asphalt overlay typically faces a reflective cracking issue due to joint or crack movements that traffic and/or temperature loads generate. When water infiltrates into subgrade, lost support reduces the structural capacity and the functional performance. Additionally, in non-traffic sections, top-down reflective cracking has been reported and omission of this phenomenon may lead the erroneous estimation. Moreover, some prediction methods consider a uniform depth of crack propagation in plane strain or stress condition. However, crack may not uniformly extend over the cross sectional area of asphalt overlay. Additionally, various overlay pretreatments – such as rubblization, crack-and-seat, and interlayer – have different efficiency to mitigate the early reflective cracks and thus their performance should be investigated. Overall, this study aimed to investigate the possibility of top-down reflective cracking and the influential factors. Afterward, based on the crack propagation area concept, the study adopted the 3D finite element method and the cohesive zone model to develop a cohesive-zone-based prediction model. Further, performances of three pretreatment techniques were also statistically evaluated from LTPP datasets. Moreover, potential relationships between design parameters and in situ reflective cracking amount were derived through the mining association rule technique. This study found that top-down reflective cracking can be developed only in asphalt overlay constructed on low-modulus existing concrete slab (ex. Rubblization). This distress may be a thermal crack coincidently occurring over the joint of the existing concrete slab. Moreover, the new prediction model provided acceptable results with the measured crack. In addition, pretreatment methods can prolong overlay life about 1.7 to 4 times compared to non-pretreated sections. In addition, thick asphalt overlay and pretreatments can decrease the chance of severe or extreme reflective cracking about 67% and 43%, respectively.
more목차 도움말
ABSTRACT i
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND SYMBOLS xiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Problem Statements 3
1.3 Objectives 5
1.4 Scopes 5
1.4.1 Development of Cohesive-Zone-Based Prediction Model 5
1.4.2 Evaluation of Overlay Pretreatments 6
1.5 Dissertation Outline 7
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Mechanism of Reflective Cracking 8
2.2 Previous Prediction Models 9
2.2.1 Empirical Models 9
2.2.2 Mechanistic Models 10
2.2.3 Mechanistic-Empirical Models 13
2.3 Asphalt Overlay Pretreatments 14
2.3.1 Rubblization 14
2.3.2 Crack-and-Seat 15
2.3.3 Interlayer 16
2.4 Linear Viscoelastic Properties 17
2.4.1 Estimation of Prony Series Parameters 19
2.5 Cohesive Zone Model 22
2.5.1 Cohesive Zone Concepts 22
2.5.2 Application of Cohesive Zone Model in Asphalt Pavements 24
2.5.3 Cohesive Elements in ABAQUS 25
2.5.4 Bilinear Traction-Separation Law for Cohesive Elements 27
2.5.5 Evaluation of Reflective Cracking 33
2.6 Heat Transfer Analysis for Pavement Temperature 36
2.6.1 Governing Equation 36
2.6.2 Heat Convection 37
2.6.3 Heat Irradiation 38
2.6.4 Solar Absorption 39
2.6.5 Boundary Conditions 40
2.6.6 Numerical Implementation 41
2.6.7 Prediction of Climatic Parameters 44
2.7 Mining Association Rules Method 47
2.7.1 Grey Relational Analysis 48
2.7.2 Clustering Data Method 49
2.7.3 Apriori Algorithm for Mining Association Rules 51
2.8 Summary 52
CHAPTER 3 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF REFLECTIVE CRACKING
3.1 Pavement Geometry and Boundary Conditions 53
3.2 Interface Models 56
3.3 Temperature Loading 57
3.4 Traffic Loading 59
3.5 Summary 60
CHAPTER 4 INVESTIGATION OF TOP-DOWN REFLECTIVE CRACKING UNDER THERMAL LOADING
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 Pavement Geometry and Material Properties 61
4.3 Temperature Loading Data 64
4.4 Evaluation of Thermal-Induced Reflective Cracking 66
4.4.1 Effect of Asphalt Thickness 66
4.4.2 Effect of Joint Spacing 68
4.4.3 Effect of PCC’s Elastic Modulus 70
4.4.4 Effect of Fracture Parameters 71
4.5 Summary 73
CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF COHESIVE-ZONE-BASED PREDICTION MODEL FOR REFLECTIVE CRACKING
5.1 Introduction 74
5.2 LTPP Data Collection 76
5.2.1 Percentage of Reflective Cracking (%RC) 76
5.2.2 Material Properties and Pavement Geometry 77
5.2.3 Section Location and Climatic Data 90
5.3 Pavement Loading 92
5.3.1 Traffic Loading 92
5.3.2 Temperature Loading 92
5.4 Evaluation of Reflective Cracking 93
5.4.1 Traffic-Induced Reflective Cracking 93
5.4.2 Thermal-Induced Reflective Cracking 96
5.5 Development of Prediction Model 98
5.5.1 Proposed Formulation for Percentage of Reflective Cracking 98
5.5.2 Cohesive-Based Prediction Model 99
5.5.3 Validation of Prediction Model 101
5.5.4 Application of Prediction Model 102
5.6 Summary 103
CHAPTER 6 EVALUATION OF PRETREATMENT EFFICIENCY FOR ASPHALT OVERLAY
6.1 Introduction 104
6.2 Data Collection from LTPP 105
6.3 Evaluation of Pretreatment Effectiveness 111
6.3.1 Normality Test 112
6.3.2 Comparison of Mean Overlay Life in ANOVA Test 113
6.4 Influence of Design Parameters on Reflective Cracking 115
6.4.1 Data Categorization 115
6.4.2 Data Ranking - Grey Relational Analysis 117
6.4.3 Data Clustering 120
6.4.4 Mining Association Rules with Apriori Algorithm 122
6.5 Summary 125
CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
7.1 Summary and Conclusion 126
7.2 Recommendations for Future Study 129
SUMMARY (IN KOREAN) 131
REFERENCES 133
APPENDIX 137
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 147
CURRICULUM VITAE 148
