이문구 소설에 나타난 작가의식 연구
A Study on the Author's Consciousness in Lee Mun-Gu's Novel
- 주제(키워드) 도움말 이문구 , 서술자 , 가치의식 , 연작소설 , 수필적 서술태도 , 언어적 상호작용 , 도시화 , 구조적 불평등 , 전통적 공동체
- 발행기관 강릉원주대학교
- 지도교수 도움말 최병우
- 발행년도 2018
- 제출일 20180622
- 학위수여년월 2018. 8
- 학위명 박사
- 학과 및 전공 도움말 일반대학원 국어국문학과
- 세부전공 현대문학
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/kangnung/000000010225
- UCI I804:42001-000000010225
- 본문언어 한국어
- 저작권 강릉원주대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
초록/요약 도움말
명천(鳴川) 이문구는 시대적 질곡 속에서도 끊임없는 작품 발표와 사회적 참여 그리고 문학적 역량 측면에서, 한국 문단에서 손꼽을 수 있는 작가다. 그의 소설에는 다양한 서술자와 그들의 의식이 드러나는데, 특히 소설 속 서술자는 사건의 관찰자이자 진술자이며 또 등장 인물로 혹은 작가의 분신으로 작품 속에서 작중 인물을 관찰하고 그들의 이야기를 전달한다. 따라서 이들의 목소리가 어떠한 층위에서 드러나고 있으며 이들이 지향하는 가치는 어떤 것인지를 이해하는 작업은 곧 문학에 대한 작가의 의식을 이해하는 초석이 될 것이다. 이를 위해 이 논문에서는 이문구 소설의 서술자가 추구한 가치를 정리하여 작가의식을 파악해 보고자 한다. 제 2장에서는 이문구 등단 직후의 작품부터 1970년까지 발표된 초기 단편을 중심으로 등장인물의 삶의 태도를 살펴보았다. 등단작인 ｢다갈라 불망비(不忘碑)｣에서 서술자인 ‘나’는 등장인물의 태도에서 ‘시명피안(是名彼岸)’이라는 가치를 발견한다. ‘대나무’와 ‘등나무’에게 옳은 모습이 각기 다르듯이 각자 자신의 상황에서 최선을 다하며 사는 것이 정답이라 생각하는 이 태도는 상황에 따라 유동적 가치로 적용되며, 이후 단편들에서 각박한 삶에 치여 최소한의 윤리를 저버리는 인물이 자신을 정당화하는 논리로 나타난다. 3장에서는 1970년대 초에서 중반에 걸쳐 발표된 중․장편과 여러 단편을 검토해 보았다. 장한몽(長恨夢), ｢추야장(秋夜長)｣, ｢해벽(海壁)｣, 그리고 이와 비슷한 시기에 발표된 단편들에서는 소설의 형식과 서술자의 사회인식의 측면에서 이전 단편들에 비해 한층 더 발전된 모습을 보이며, 도시와 농촌의 변화 양상과 그에 대한 작가의 가치 인식의 차이가 보다 뚜렷하게 나타나 있다. 도시를 배경으로 한 단편들에서는 공통적으로 도시 공간의 불모성과 그 곳의 속도를 쫓아가지 못하는 자신에 대한 무력감을 느끼는 주인공에 주목한다. 그리고 농촌을 배경으로 한 단편들에서는 환경오염 및 자본의 유입으로 인한 구조적 예속관계가 드러나 있다. 이러한 현실 인식을 바탕으로 작가는 인정이 살아있는 가치지향적 공간의 복원을 부정적 현실에 대한 대안으로 생각하게 되고, ｢이풍헌(李風憲)｣이나 ｢만고강산(萬古江山)｣, 오자룡(吳子龍)에서 전통적 공간과 그 곳의 긍정적 인물이 보여주던 인정의 가치에 대해 탐색한다. 4장에서는 1970년대 중반 이후부터 1980년대 중반까지의 작품 중 상대적으로 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 연작의 형태로 발표된 관촌수필(冠村隨筆)과 우리 동네에서 서술자가 제시하는 인물과 그들에 삶에 대한 가치평가를 검토하면서, 작가가 강조하고자 한 가치를 유추하였다. 관촌수필에서는 현실에 대한 비판적 인식이 과거회귀의 추동력으로 작용하여, 가치부재의 혼란을 겪는 현재 ‘고향’의 실상 너머 전통적 가치와 그 가치를 수호하는 인물을 복원하려는 서술자의 노력에 주목하였다. 그리고 시차를 두어 발표된 우리 동네에서는 비판적 현실 인식이 등장 인물들의 상호언어작용을 통해 풍자의 형태로 드러나고 있음을 확인하였다. 5장에서는 서술자가 ‘자연’, ‘나무’의 이미지로 농촌 사람들을 재구성하는 과정을 살펴보면서, 자연적 질서의 회복과 인간 존엄 지향의 가치를 확인하였다. 1980년대 중반 이후부터 작고하기 전까지 작품 중, 산 너머 남촌에서 보여준 ‘농사’에 대한 신뢰는 이후, 유자소전(兪子小傳), 내 몸은 너무 오래 서 있거나 걸어왔다를 통해 도시화 속에서 잃어버린 인간 존엄을 회복하는 삶의 방식으로 변용된다. 따라서 이 작품들에서 보여준 다양한 인물들의 삶의 모습은, 하나의 나무가 모여 숲을 이루는 것처럼, 윤리적 의식을 바탕으로 상호공존을 위해 배려하는 태도가 바람직한 삶의 자세라는 작가의 의식을 보다 명확히 한다. 그리고 내 몸은 너무 오래 서 있거나 걸어왔다에서는 동시대의 다양한 인물들이 자신의 삶에 만족하고 터전을 지키려 노력하며 소외된 것들에 관심을 기울이는 모습을 보여줌으로써, 관촌수필에서 강조된 전통적 공동체의 윤리 지향의 맥을 잇는다. 작가 이문구의 작품에서 서술자가 보여준 가치의식은 작가가 문학을 통해 표현하고 싶었던 작가의 의식이다. 그리고 그것은 소유와 끝없는 욕망창출을 반복하는 자본의 논리를 극복할 수 있는 대안으로 작가가 제시한 해결책이다.
more목차 도움말
목 차
Ⅰ. 서론
1. 문제제기 및 연구목적 ························································································································ 1쪽
2. 선행연구 검토 ·································································································································· 4쪽
3. 연구 방법 및 범위 ······························································································································ 9쪽
Ⅱ. 상황 논리의 한계와 비판적 인식
1. 현실 속에서 발견하는 ‘피안’ ··············································································································· 14쪽
2. 타락한 현실에 대한 비판의 시각 ········································································································· 21쪽
3. 이상화된 공간으로서의 농촌 ·············································································································· 24쪽
Ⅲ. 도시화에 대한 이중적 인식
1. 도시 공간 속 병치된 인물들: 長恨夢 ····························································································· 29쪽
1) 민중을 바라보는 두 개의 시선 ·········································································································· 31쪽
2) 초점화자의 성장과 내면의 치유 ········································································································ 36쪽
3) 폭력적 현실 극복을 위한 대안 ·········································································································· 43쪽
2. 탈향과 귀향의 함의: ｢秋夜長｣, ｢海壁｣, ｢落陽散策｣, ｢萬古江山｣ ····························································· 46쪽
1) 이중적 착취에 의한 불가피한 탈향 ···································································································· 47쪽
2) 고향에 대한 양가적 인식 ·················································································································· 52쪽
3) 기억 속 공간과 가치의 복원 ·············································································································· 61쪽
3. 전통적 가치지향의 복선 제시: 미완의 장편, 吳子龍 ······································································· 66쪽
Ⅳ. 과거와 현재의 길항의식과 공동체 가치 지향
1. 전통적 공동체 의식의 회복: 冠村隨筆··························································································· 72쪽
1) 훼손된 공동체의 풍경 ······················································································································ 74쪽
2) 회고를 통한 가치 인식 ····················································································································· 77쪽
3) 전(傳)양식의 차용과 효과 ················································································································ 87쪽
4) 구원의 과정으로서의 문학 ··············································································································· 94쪽
2. 농민의 삶에 대한 총체적 인식: 우리 동네
1) 토착어를 통한 공식적 언어의 해체 ····································································································· 98쪽
2) 농촌 공간의 구조적 불평등과 인식 양상 ··························································································· 106쪽
3) 자본의 욕망에 가치전도된 농민의 모습 ···························································································· 113쪽
4) 포용과 화합을 통한 공존 성찰 ········································································································· 117쪽
Ⅴ. 자연적 질서의 회복과 인간 존엄 지향
1. 자연과 조화를 이루는 농민의 삶에 대한 존중: 산 너머 남촌 ·························································· 122쪽
2. 자본의 비인간성 극복을 위한 모색: 兪子小傳 ··············································································· 126쪽
3. 생태주의적 현실 인식: 내 몸은 너무 오래 서 있거나 걸어왔다 ························································ 132쪽
Ⅵ. 요약 및 전망······································································································································· 141쪽
참고문헌 ················································································································································· 145쪽
ABSTRACT ············································································································································· 151쪽
