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유아 동기 유형 평가도구 개발 및 타당화

Development and validation of young children motivation types assessment tool

  • 최승연 (Choi, Seung-Yeon, 강릉원주대학교 일반대학원)

초록/요약 도움말

The objective of this study is to develop an young children motivation type assessment tool and verify its appropriateness as an assessment tool. To this end, the following research questions are presented. 〔Research Question 1〕 What is the development process of the young children motivation type assessment tool and what is the result? 〔Research Question 2〕 What is the result of the validation and clustering of the young children motivation type assessment? 〔Research Question 3〕 What is the result of applying the tool to analyzing clusters of young children motivation types and actual cases? With the research questions above as the basis, the research has been conducted and summarized for each research question as follows. For 〔Research Question 1〕, previous researches and related documents were examined, and a delphi survey was also conducted among experts. Based on the result, the concept and components of young children motivation types were categorized and questions were developed accordingly. After the content validity of questions was verified, the first draft was developed. The first draft was applied to 20 young children, 10 from the class of four-year-old young children and 10 from the class of five-year-old young children. With the local teacher's opinions reflected, the applicability of the assessment tool was explored and the possible problems were corrected and compensated for in advance. Through the procedures mentioned above, the second draft of the young children motivation type assessment tool was developed and applied to 414 young children aged 4 or 5. The analyses of technical statistics, reliability, and validity were followed by the corrective and complementary steps and then the development of the final assessment tool. For 〔Research Question 2〕, the final assessment tool was applied to 614 young children aged 4 or 5. The analyses of technical statistics, reliability, validity, and clusters were followed by the validation・clustering steps. As for research question 2, the entire questions of the young children motivation type assessment tool in both areas of rating questions and young children performance rating questions can assess young children motivation types appropriately. For clustering of young children motivation types, the hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means cluster analysis were conducted. As a result, young children motivation types were classified into 3 clusters. As for motivation types of cluster 1, the internal motivation was significantly outstanding while external motivation and internal motivation were quite insignificant. Cluster 2's internal motivation was as low as a half of those of cluster 1 and cluster 3. External motivation and no-motivation as well were lower than those of cluster 3. Internal motivation of cluster 3 was similar to that of cluster 1, but the level of no-motivation was the highest. Accordingly, in this study, cluster 1 is called the high internal motivation type, cluster 2 the low motivation type, and cluster 3 the complex motivation type respectively to represent attributes of clusters. As a result of analyzing the difference among cluster types depending on the sex and age, it turned out that there was no significant difference depending on young children's sex and age. For 〔Research Question 3〕, the class of 5-year-old young children to which the final assessment tool was selected as the study object, and 20 of them were clustered according to the motivation types. A case study was then conducted based on anecdote records of each cluster of young children motivation types to examine the meaning and significance. As for research question 3, among clusters of motivation types of young children in the class that included 20 5-year-old young children, 40% of them belonged to the high internal motivation type, 25% to the low motivation type, and 35% to the complex motivation type respectively. For a case study on clusters of motivation types, anecdote recordings were conducted for 12 weeks and analyzed systematically. As a result, it turned out that young children in the high internal motivation type cluster were seeking for self-satisfaction, satisfy internal curiosity, flow while young children in the low motivation type were f​ollow others instructions, expect extrinsic rewards. young children in the complex motivation type cluster were sensitive to external stimuli and would act at a moderate level. In conclusion, the young children motivation type assessment tool developed in this study is designed to grasp young children motivation in the continuum of self-determination, and it is accompanied by teacher rating and young children performance rating. It is expected that the tool can be utilized to assess young children motivation types more specifically, grasp individual young children' motivation types and thus understand the general characteristics of a class, and provide the results as a basis for effective development of teaching-learning courses.

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목차 도움말

Ⅰ. 서론 1
1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
2. 연구문제 6
3. 용어정의 6

Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 9
1. 동기의 이론 및 유형 9
1) 동기의 정의 및 개념 9
2) 발달이론 관점에서의 동기 11
3) 동기의 유형 22
2. 유아 동기관련 연구 27
3. 유아 동기 평가도구 분석 29
1) 교사 평정형 도구 29
2) 유아 수행형 도구 30
3) 평가도구 분석의 시사점 33

Ⅲ. 유아 동기 유형 평가도구 개발 36
1. 유아 동기 유형 평가도구 개발 및 적용(타당화・군집화) 36
2. 유아 동기 유형 평가도구 개발 절차 38
3. 1차 시안개발 39
1) 유아 동기 관련 요소분석 40
2) 전문가 요구조사 43
4. 1차 시안 56
5. 1차 시안 적용 및 내용타당도 검증 57
1) 1차 시안 적용 57
2) 1차 시안 내용타당도 검증 61
6. 2차 시안 적용 및 타당도 검증 77
1) 연구대상 77
2) 연구도구 78
3) 연구절차 80
4) 자료처리 및 분석 80
5) 연구결과 81
7. 유아 동기 유형 평가도구 최종안 102

Ⅳ. 유아 동기 유형 평가도구 타당화 및 동기 유형 군집화 105
1. 유아 동기 유형 평가도구 타당화 및 군집화 절차 105
2. 유아 동기 유형 평가도구 타당화 결과 110
1) 문항 분석 110
2) 신뢰도 분석 120
3) 타당도 분석 122
4) 검사결과 해석 128
3. 유아 동기 유형 군집화 결과 131
1) 군집화 결과 131
2) 삼분위 점수해석에 따른 동기 유형 군집 133
3) 성별과 연령에 따른 군집 차이 133

Ⅴ. 군집분석 적용 및 사례분석 135
1. 연구대상 135
2. 연구도구 136
3. 연구절차 138
4. 자료처리 및 분석 139
5. 연구결과 141

Ⅵ. 논의 및 결론 152
1. 요약 및 논의 152
2. 결론 및 제언 162

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