한국 동해안 도루묵, Arctoscopus japonicus의 자원생태 및 생리학적 연구
Fisheries ecology and physiological studies of the Sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the East Sea of Korea
- 발행기관 강릉원주대학교 대학원
- 지도교수 박기영
- 발행년도 2009
- 학위수여년월 2009. 8
- 학위명 박사
- 학과 및 전공 해양생물공학과
- 원문페이지 xvii, 175 p.
- 본문언어 한국어
초록/요약
Distribution pattern and fishing conditions of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus in the east sae of Korea were studied using catch and catch per unit effort(CPUE) by of the eastern sea danish seine and coastal gill net from 2004 to 2008. A. japonicus were mainly caught by the eastern sea danish seine and coastal gill net, and the main fishing period was April to October for the eastern danish seine and October to December for the coastal gill net. In recent, as sea temperature increased, the distribution and centroid of fishing ground moved northward. They spawn in the coastal of Kangwon in winter, started to move to deeper sea after spawning in spring, extended widely from Kangwon to Ulsan in summer, and migrated back to the spawning ground off Kangwon in autumn. The fisheries ecological characteristics of the sandfish, A. japonicus were investigated from samples randomly collected in the east sea of Korea from February, 2004 to December, 2008. Gonnadosomatic index began to increase in October and reached maximum between November and December from 2004 to 2005. However, Gonnadosomatic index began to increase in October and reached maximum between November and January from 2006 to 2008. Water temperature observe below 10.5℃ from December to February of 2004 and 2005. However, Water temperature observe over 10.5℃ from December to February of 2006 and 2008. The fecundity ranged from 528 eggs at 16.5cm(FL) to 2,547 eggs at 23.4cm(FL). The relationship between fork length(FL) and fecundity(F) was F=0.541FL2.596(R2=0.718), and F increased with FL. FL and age at 50% group maturity(FL50%) was estimated to be 16.1cm, 1.8 year. Ages were determined from annuli in otoliths and annuli were formed between December and February once a year. Also, the main spawning period was estimated to be between December and January, thus rings were considered to be annual marks. The relationship between fork length and total weight and the growth parameters were estimated with error structure to provide accuracy. For the relationship between fork length and total weight, a multiplicative error structure was assumed because variability in growth increased as a function of the length. The relationship between fork length and total weight were TW=0.0083FL3.01(R2=0.966) for female and TW=0.0079FL3.04(R2=0.969) for male. The variability in growth was constant as a function of age, revealing an additive error structure. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated from a non-linear regression method were L∞=31.6cm, K=0.266/year, t0=-0.835 years for female and L∞=27.7cm, K=0.273/year, t0=-0.806 years for male. Growth at age between male and female had a significant difference(P<0.001). A study of ecological characteristics and biomass for the sandfish, A. japonicus in the east sea of Korea was carried out using available biological and fishery data. The instantaneous coefficient of total mortality(Z) of A. japonicus was estimated to be 1.361/year, and annual survival rate(S) was 0.256. The estimated instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality(M) was 0.482/year, and the instantaneous coefficient of fishing mortality(F) for the recent years was calculated to be 0.879/year from the values of Z and M. And the age at first capture was estimated to be 1.958/years. Based on these parameters, the annual biomasses of A. japonicus stock were estimated by a biomass-based cohort analysis using data of annual catch in weight at age for 1991～2008. The biomass of A. japonicus was approximately 7,600 mt in 1991, since 1994 they decreased to below 4,000 mt. After 2002 they stated to increase gradually, and showed the level of more than 5,000 mt in recent years. To develop the artificial spawning seaweeds of the sandfish, A. japonicus, the effects by the material type of artificial spawning seaweeds were investigated at Dongsan port in Kangwondo from December 2006 to March 2007. Sargassum fulvellum, S. horneri, rope and net were used as materials for artificial spawning seaweeds, and the most effective thing among them was S. fulvellum. A. japonicus began to attach the egg mass to artificial spawning seaweeds when sea temperature dropped below 10℃in December, spawned heavily when it was around 8℃ in January, and completed the behavior when it started to increase over 1 0℃ in February. The hatching period of eggs was estimated to be about 60 days. The middle position in artificial spawning seaweed had the highest number of egg masses and the diameter of the egg mass ranged from 25 mm to 62 mm. Based on the result for the effects, the artificial spawning seaweeds for spawning of A. japonicus were developed and it is possible to use them to form seaweed forests or spawning grounds of other species. In order to estimate energy budget of the sandfish, A. japonicus juvenile, fed on Artemia nauplii and the enriched Artemia nauplii, of sandfish were reared at constant condition of water temperature of natural seawater(9.4～12.2℃) and heated seawater(13℃). During the period 54 days, energy used by the reared juveniles were calculated from estimates of data on ingestion growth, oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion and energy content. Ingestion, growth, oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion and fecal energy of fed on Artemia nauplii of natural seawater(NT-NA) were 22.90, 15.23, 4.87, 0.33 and 2.47 cal, enriched Artemia nauplii of natural seawater(NT-EA) were 32.81, 22.16, 7.02, 0.55 and 3.08 cal, Artemia nauplii of heated seawater(HT-NA) were 24.67, 16.50, 5.59, 0.61 and 1.98 cal, enriched Artemia nauplii of heated seawater(HT-EA) were 38.87, 26.07, 8.93, 0.89 and 2.99 cal. Energy budget of NT-NA, NT-EA, HT-NA and HT-EA were represented as 100I = 66.49P + 21.28R + 1.44U + 10.78F, 100I = 67.54P + 21.40R + 1.67U + 9.39F, 100I = 66.86P + 22.66R + 2.47U + 8.0F and 100I = 67.06P + 22.96R + 2.28U + 7.70F. The Assimilation efficiency estimated NT-NA, NT-EA, HT-NA and HT-EA were represented as 87.78%, 88.94%, 89.52% and 90.02%. Gross growth efficiency estimated NT-NA, NT-EA, HT-NA and HT-EA were represented as 66.49%, 67.54%, 66.86% and 67.06%. Net growth efficiency estimated NT-NA, NT-EA, HT-NA and HT-EA were represented as 75.75%, 75.94%, 74.68% and 74.49%.
more목차
제1장 서 론 = 1
제2장 자료 및 방법 = 11
2.1. 분포특성 = 11
2.1.1. 수온분포 특성 = 11
2.2.2. 어획량 변동 = 11
2.2.3. 어장분포 특성 = 11
2.2. 자원생태 = 15
2.2.1. 성숙과 산란 = 15
2.2.2. 연령과 성장 = 17
2.3. 자원생태학적 특성치 및 자원량 추정 = 23
2.3.1. 순간전사망계수(Z) 및 생잔율(S) = 23
2.3.2. 순간자연사망계수(M) 및 순간어획사망계수(F) = 24
2.3.3. 어획개시연령(tc) = 24
2.3.4. 연도별 연령별 자원량 및 순간어획사망계수 = 27
2.4. 산란용 조림초 개발 = 30
2.4.1. 산란용 조림초의 기본구성 = 30
2.4.2. 산란용 조림초의 기질별 효과조사 = 30
2.5. 에너지수지 = 35
2.5.1. 실험어 = 35
2.5.2. 자치어의 사육환경 = 35
2.5.3. 성장 및 생존율 = 37
2.5.4. 산소소비율 = 37
2.5.5. 섭이량 = 38
2.5.6. 분배출량 = 38
2.5.7. 뇨배설량 = 38
2.5.8. 에너지수지 = 39
2.5.9. 생태효율 = 39
2.5.10. 수온과 먹이조건에 따른 유의성 검정 = 40
제3장 결 과 = 41
3.1. 분포특성 = 41
3.1.1. 수온분포 특성 = 41
3.1.2. 어획량 변동 = 50
3.1.3. 어장분포 특성 = 55
가. 동해구기선저인망어업 = 55
나. 연안자망어업 = 57
3.2. 자원생태 = 70
3.2.1. 성숙과 산란 = 70
가. 성숙도의 월 변화 = 70
나. 생식소 숙도지수의 월 변화 = 72
다. 난경 = 74
라. 포란수 = 74
마. 성숙체장 = 74
3.2.2. 연령과 성장 = 78
가. 윤문형성의 대응성 및 윤문형성시기 = 78
나. 이석 반경과 체장의 관계 = 81
다. von Bertalanffy 성장식 추정 = 87
3.3. 자원생태학적 특성치 및 자원량 추정 = 92
3.3.1 순간전사망계수(Z) 및 생잔율(S) = 92
3.3.2. 순간자연사망계수(M) 및 순간어획사망계수(F) = 92
3.3.3. 어획개시연령(tc) = 92
3.3.4. 자원량 추정 = 95
3.4. 산란용 조림초 개발 = 101
3.4.1. 산란용 조림초 기질별 효과 조사 = 101
3.4.2. 산란용 조림초 개발 = 109
3.5. 에너지수지 = 111
3.5.1. 성장 및 생존율 = 111
3.5.2. 산소소비량 = 117
3.5.3. 섭이량 = 120
3.5.4. 뇨배설량 = 123
3.5.5. 에너지수지 = 126
3.5.6. 생태효율 = 132
제4장 고 찰 = 134
4.1. 분포특성 = 134
4.2. 자원생태 = 138
4.3. 자원생태학적 특성치 및 자원량 추정 = 144
4.4. 산란용 조림초 개발 = 147
4.5. 에너지수지 = 150
4.6. 수산자원회복 연구방향 = 154
제5장 결 론 = 157
감사의 글 = 161
참고문헌 = 164
