T. S. 엘리엇의 시에 나타난 현대인과 현대문명에 대한 비판
A Criticism of Modern People and Civilization in T. S. Eliot's Poetry
- 발행기관 강릉원주대학교 교육대학원
- 지도교수 이철
- 발행년도 2009
- 학위수여년월 2009. 8
- 학위명 석사
- 학과 및 전공 영어교육전공
- 원문페이지 49 p.
- 본문언어 한국어
초록/요약
Thomas Stearns Eliot(1888-1965) was a poet who criticized the problems of western societies devastated by wars and the Industrial Revolution in the early 20th century throughout his works. Generally his poems were divided into the former works with social criticism and the latter works with religious tendencies according to before and after his conversion. His former poems contained explicit criticism on modern society and people but no solutions were shown. After his conversion, however, his later works gradually presented solutions to social problems maintaining the social criticism. This tendency indicates that he craved what could not be found in reality in religion. However, he consistently revealed his criticism on modern society and people in all of his works. Eliot's former poems criticized the world of sensation where only desires were expressed in morbid consciousness consisting of mental paralysis of modern people and industrialization. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" "Sweeney Among the Nightingales" and "Gerontion" represented his social criticism on contemporary society. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" showed the feeble and sickly mentality of modern people through the protagonist who had little action with excessive self-awareness, while "Sweeney Among the Nightingales" warned of the tragic end of modern people who were corrupted physically and mentally. "Gerontion" spoke for modern people who lost religious belief and direction in unjust modern world. As shown in their titles, his former poems presented particular speakers representing modern people and pointed out that the problems of the speakers were not limited to an individual but related to all the modern people living in modern society. However, the former poems only criticized modern people and society without solutions,' merely showing corrupted modern people who were confined in morbid modern society. On the contrary, Eliot's latter works gradually revealed his religious tendencies and consequent regeneration. Although it was written before his conversion, "The Hollow Men" was classified as the start of his latter religious poems because it presented a vision of divine regeneration. In other words, "The Hollow Men" presented salvation that couldn't be found in The Waste Land, one of his former poems, and the salvation was presented in religious aspects. However, "The Hollow Men" the start of his latter religious poems, presented social criticism with religious salvation. Rather this poem plainly revealed social criticism to criticize modern society and presented religious belief as the solution in its last stanza, indicating it had more social criticism than religious tendency. Also, his religious Four Quartets, the peak of his latter works and representative masterpiece, showed his philosophical and religious aspects by applying musical formation to poetic structure. However, even though this poem was understood as his representative religious one, Eliot's social criticism was still maintained. His religious tendency was strengthened in this work when compared to the former ones, but it was important that his poems did not discard social criticism even in their religious summits. In this poem, Eliot argued that religion would reach to philosophical and religious dimensions only when religion was based on a correct recognition of reality. Therefore, this poem should be identified not as a completely religious one but as the one in which his former social criticism was maintained. When Eliot wrote poems, Europe was in the depths of ruins and despair due to the Second World War. His poems should be understood to contain his deep, internal skepticism on whether the reality of the bombing and destruction of London presented true salvation to human peace, safety, happiness and the hope of afterlife pronounced by the Christian doctrines. Conclusively, it should be noted that his latter poems merely presented a salvation of modern society and people through religion. However, it still described modern people who lived in society as unstable from wars.
more목차
Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
Ⅱ. 본론 = 4
1. 병든 현대 사회 속에 갇힌 현대인에 대한 비판 = 4
가. 「J. 알프레드 프루프록의 연가」 ("The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock", 1917) = 4
나. 「나이팅게일에 둘러싸인 스위니」 ("Sweeney among the Nightingales", 1920) = 13
다. 「게론티온」 ("Gerontion", 1920) = 19
2. 종교를 통한 재생의 움직임 속에서 드러나는 현대사회비판 = 27
가. 「공허한 사람들」 ("The Hollow men", 1925) = 27
나. 「네 개의 사중주」 (Four Quartets, 1943) = 34
Ⅲ. 결론 = 44
인용문헌 = 46
Abstract = 48
